The PISA tests measure reading, science, and math, but they do not measure economic literacy or entrepreneurial capacity. That omission matters. Canada has faced declining entrepreneurship rates for decades. Business entry rates have fallen, fewer Canadians are starting new companies, and an aging population combined with complex regulations have dampened innovation. Meanwhile, in the United States—despite lower PISA scores—entrepreneurship continues to thrive. Americans openly debate their education system’s flaws, while Canadians seem content to rest on test scores without reform.